Evidence For Pro Metastatic Role Of Tams Genetic Studies

Evidence for pro-metastatic role of TAMs: Genetic studies in mice have shown decreased rates of tumor growth and metastasis are associated with decreased TAM numbers. Lin and colleagues crossed a transgenic mouse susceptible to mammary cancer with mice containing a recessive null mutation in the CSF-1 gene (Csf1op) and compared tumor progression in wild-type and mice lacking CSF1. Of note, CSF1 is an important survival factor for macrophages. They observed that the absence of CSF-1 significantly reduced lung metastases. However, transgenic expression of CSF-1 in the mammary epithelium of both Csf1op/Csf1op and wild-type tumor-prone mice led to accelerated disease progression and to a significant increase in lung metastasis, which was associated with an enhanced infiltration of TAMs into the primary tumor. In this mouse model, they also observed that TAMs play a crucial role in the ‘‘angiogenic switch† when hyperplastic lesions develop into early stage mammary carcin omas. Similarly, in another study using transplanted tumors, CSF1 depletion resulted in an impairment of tumor growth accompanied with extensive necrosis and poor vascularization, which could be reversed by treatment of mice with CSF1 (Nowicki). These studies provide strong evidence that TAMs promote malignant tumor progression. TAMs promote cancer cell invasion and intravasation: The mechanisms by which TAMs promote metastases are numerous. TAMs have been called the â€Å"jack-of all trades† of the myeloid lineageShow MoreRelatedPrevention And Treatment Of Breast Cancer3159 Words   |  13 Pagesand progression may be directly associated with immunosuppressive factors. On account of an expansion or increase of activation in CD8+ T cells and inhibition or decrease in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), the tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) may allow for immune suppression in breast cancer patients. In a similar manner, standard immunotherapy and checkpoint blockade brings about an optimal clinical response in the regulation of immunity. Scientific research and publications regardingRead MoreResearch Proposal: The role of perivascular macrophages in breast cancer metastasis. 1. Specific2800 Words   |  12 PagesResearch Proposal: The role of perivascular macrophages in breast cancer metastasis. 1. Specific Aims The tumour microenvironment is comprised of both malignant and non-malignant cells. Increasing evidence suggests that the fate of malignant cells is altered by the behaviour of the surrounding nonmalignant cells. Together, the diverse composition of the microenvironment, including immune cell infiltration, stromal cells and extracellular matrix, as well as nutrient and oxygen supply, shape the fateRead MoreCollective Behavior And Stigmergy Of Cancer Cells6661 Words   |  27 Pagesdependence of the correlation function differed completely from the theoretical predictions of standard models of moving particles with mechanisms of local alignment. We propose an explanation for this unexpected finding, supported by an analysis of the role of density in the ability of cells to communicate through the micro-environment (stigmergy), which revealed the emergence of a network-like structure of trails when the system density was sufficiently low. 1 Introduction modelling, driven by the massive

The Role Of Play Therapy On Children - 4628 Words

Children are often faced with mental health issues. Some common mental health issues may include; ADHD, anxiety, schizophrenia, autism, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Over time, treating children with these conditions has been a great challenge. Play therapy gives children the opportunity to express their feelings through play. The Association for Play Therapy (2002), states play therapy is a systematic use of a theoretical model to establish an interpersonal process where therapeutic powers of play are used to help clients prevent or resolve psychosocial difficulties and achieve optimal growth and development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of play therapy on children who have been exposed to trauma, and determine if parent involvement is beneficial in the child’s treatment process. In this review, we will discuss what play therapy is and why it is important. Previous work on play therapy infers that this therapy can be beneficial. Although, there are not enough studies to support its effectiveness on children who experience trauma. This research is geared towards specialists, who are involved in coming up with the parameters of play therapy and range from child psychologists, school counselors, social workers, and parents in a home-setting looking for therapy to suit their children. The research is also written in a concise and clear manner with simple terms which members of the public interested in the field can understand. It hasShow MoreRelatedTherapist Interview. The Field Of Child Counseling Has1406 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough the integration of play therapy within different therapeutic approaches, as this method allows children to express thoughts and feelings that they might not be able to convey any other way due to their limited vocabulary (Henderson Thompson, 2016). Over the past eight years, MacGill (2017) has built both her private practice, as well as functioned as a school counselor for students with special needs, MacGill demonstrates each day the many ways that play therapy can be integrated with severalRead MoreThe Role Of Play Therapy On Trauma Victims1274 Words   |  6 PagesChildren often face various mental health issues when they are growing up. These issues include anxiety, trauma, depression and now even autistic children. Treating young children of these conditions has been a great challenge over time. Therapy can help give children the opportunity to express their feelings through play. According to the Association for Play Therapy (2002), play therapy is a systematic use of a theoretical model to establish an interpersonal process in which trained play therapistsRead MoreThe Field Of Child Counseling Has Been Enriched Through1400 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough the integration of play therapy within different therapeutic approaches, as this method allows children to express thoughts and feelings that they might not be able to convey any other way due to their limited vocabulary (Henderson Thompson, 2016). Over the past eight years, MacGill (2017) has built both her private practice, as well as functioned as a school counselor for students with special needs, MacGill demonstrates each day the many ways that play therapy can be integrated with severalRead MoreThe Effects Of Occupational Therapy On An Illness1145 Words   |  5 Pagesreason for a client to need occupational therapy is due to an illness. Severe illnesses like cancer leaves the client with little energy for leisure, social, or work-related tasks after just doing some daily activities. Occupational therapy practitioners are experts with the knowledge of how to modify activities and environments to allow individuals to do the activities they want and need to do to maintain quality of life. The role of occupational therapy is, â€Å"to facilitate and enable an individualRead MoreThe Benefits and Challenges of Developing Play/Leisure Activities 997 Words   |  4 PagesAll children have a right to play; (Article 31, United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child) it can provide knowledge in their understanding of their environment. Play is a way for children to learn about their environment and how interactions occur within it. Children’s buoyancy develops through play, however, some children may experience stressful occurrences during their existence, and therefore, the adult’s role in facilitating a child’s play is a crucial measure towards that childsRead MorePsychological Benefits Of Aquatic Therapy1568 Words   |  7 Pages Psychological Benefits of Aquatic Therapy Broach and Datillo (1996) states that there is a lack of literature regarding the psychological results of aquatic therapy. Improvements in the areas of body image, self-concept and mood are common. Aquatic therapy is beneficial in the treatment and prevention of depression. If depression decreases than mood will most likely be enhanced by aquatic therapy. Becker (2009) states, aquatic therapy has shown to reduce anxiety as well as promote relaxationRead MoreThe Role of Judaism in Family Relationships: Article Analysis1235 Words   |  5 PagesKrieger, Aliza. The Role of Judaism in Family Relationships. Introduction: According to Aliza Krieger, author of the article titled The Role of Judaism in Family Relationships, because Judaism plays an important role in a Jewish persons identity, Judaism should be incorporated into family-based therapy. Judaism itself is more than just a persons religious beliefs, it is also part of a Jewish persons ethnicity and culture as well. And because Judaism plays an important role in family life,Read MoreA Theory Of Counseling Children1421 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribes a theory of counseling children that incorporates aspects of developmental theory, person-centered , reality, and acceptance-commitment therapy (ACT). Main Philosophy: This theory is specifically geared towards working with children in a developmentally appropriate manner. A therapist must assess the developmental/individual needs of the child, the environment, and how the two interact. There are many levels in an environment such as hierarchies and roles that exist in a family. A therapistRead MoreThe Integrative Intervention Model Of Child Based Play928 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Many traditional family therapists often exclude small children from the therapeutic process† (Wehrman Field, 2013). Although therapists may feel as though conducting a session with children present can be challenging, it is strongly encouraged to do so. The integrative intervention model of child-based play is an effective method in which therapists should use when treating families. Recent research concludes that the â€Å"integration of children and families involved in counseling will benefit theRead MoreEvaluation Of The Counselor And Child ( Ren )1594 Wo rds   |  7 Pages In Play Based Activities in Family Couseling (2013), Joseph Wehrmn and Juliane Field, states traditionally the roles of family and child(ren) therapy were completely different (p.341). Within the counseling process the main focuses was centered on the â€Å"adults in the family and adolescents who are developmentally capable† of benefiting from the â€Å"insight† of the therapeutic process (Wehrman Field, 2013, p.341). Due to this frame of mind, many infants, toddlers, and young children, were considered

Second Amendment Essay Example For Students

Second Amendment Essay The Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of Americaasserts, A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a freestate, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.At the time when this amendment was passed, the country was still primarily anagrarian and hunting society, guns were a household item, and necessary fordaily life. The armed farmer was the principal soldier in the revolution toestablish an independent country. The framers of the Constitution understoodthat these gun-wielding countrymen were essential to the revolution, and wantedto insure the people would never be defenseless. In recent decades, with thewaning practical application of guns in an industrialized nation, the SecondAmendment has come under much fire. Living in a technologically advancedcountry, United States citizens no longer have a need for guns in their everydaylives and, therefore, many Americans have grown up in gun-less homes. The recentrash of violence across the country has shown that the ideals of modern Americansociety have gone awry. Many are quick to blame guns as the reason for thisviolence. Actually, the problem is not the possession of guns; Americans havehad them for over 200 years. Instead, the demise of the morals of society andthe lack of restraint of the American public have caused the recent violenttrend. Guns are merely a tool. In the hands of immoral and undisciplined people,they are put to evil purposes. The problem lies in the fact that the amendmentwas created to deal with the muzzle-loaders of the time, and now guns haveevolved into killing machines, not just hunting rifles. These new guns however,are no more capable of killing without a man controlling them; guns have beenprevalent for literally hundreds of years without being used as weapons forhumans against humans, except in times of war. Guns have been in American homessince 1776, and they were not associated with violence until recently. Thecurre nt trend of school and workplace violence is due to the desensitization ofthe American people through television, movies and even music. Movie andtelevision producers are businessmen, and they produce what sells, that usuallybeing violence. With the American public watching such films, and loving them,the influence on everyday life cannot be ignored. Statistical facts from othercountries show the USA to be much more violent than most other industrializedcountries. Last year, Paris suffered less than 25% of the violence that occurredin Washington DC, and Paris is four times as large. The classic society that ispresent in Europe does not have the same fetish with violence as is present inAmerica. Progressive generations in the American society are in essenceregressing; the terms Generation X and the Me Generation have been coined andconvey the selfishness that is evident in modern society. The Columbine HighSchool violence spree is simply one of the recent acts of violence, but itillu strates how the countrys troubled youth are reacting to theirsurroundings. People are taking a more violent approach to try to solve problemsthan ever before, and that is certainly not solving anything. The recentincrease in job related violence can be blamed on the increased stress anddesensitization of the average worker. This new approach to workplace problemsis very evident, recently in Hawaii and is so common that the term goingpostal has been created to describe workplace shootings. In the early yearsof our country, and in most places around the world at a boss or a layoff mighthave been expressed through yelling or at worst, throwing a chair. Thedesensitization of the American worker has caused him to take a differentapproach in very recent times, the approach of violence expressed with the abuseof guns. The issue of gun control is historically split between the two majorpolitical parties in the US The Democrats have always pushed for stricter gunlaws, and the Republicans hav e always been for lenient laws. Heavy campaigncontributions are made to both parties in hope to push certain groups viewswith The National Rifle Association leading the way with large contributions tothe Republican Party. Regardless of party, most politicians agree that somethingmust be altered in the present equilibrium, because violence is almost becomingroutine. The Second Amendment was intended for the purpose of reminding thesepoliticians that they are there to serve the people, and no other reason. .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 , .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 .postImageUrl , .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 , .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40:hover , .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40:visited , .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40:active { border:0!important; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40:active , .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Catastrophes that Plagued the Characters in Romeo Essay Although elections are usually enough incentive for politicians to please thepeople, they need to know that the people can revolt, and the Constitution isnot the last ruling document that this country will ever see. The brilliance inthe Constitution is that the Framers allowed for changes in society and changesin government. They knew that they could not map the fate of the country in afew months. Today, the Second Amendment is outdated, and not currentlyeffective. It is, however, part of the Constitution and that will not change inany time near. Since the Framers of the Constitution could never envision whatwould become of guns or the violence that would occur in the US, they cannot beblamed. The amendment was never a problem for the first 200 years of ourexistence, and that points to a problem in modern society, not the Constitution. Before something that has been around for centuries is changed, maybe what haschanged in recent decades should be examined. Modern American society is basedon instant gratification and what people absorb from their surroundings. Unfortunately, these surroundings are not always the best influences. Movies,television and music are filled with violence, drugs and sex. If societysurrounds itself with such activities, the influences will be widespread. Inconclusion, the focus of violence and violent behavior is often directed at gunsand the availability of handguns. Instead, the focus should be turned on societyand the changing morals and actions that have caused something that has alwaysbeen present in our society, guns, to become a problem in recent times. Althoughmore efficient, guns today serve the same purpose as always, and in no othertime period or any other modern country has the problem with gun violence thatthe United States has. Maybe society should change instead of changing adocument that has been steadfast for over 200 years.