Effective Employee Job Satisfaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Powerful Employee Job Satisfaction - Essay Example All the four model contextual analyses are identified with work fulfillment. The facts demonstrate that worldwide activity showcase is profoundly serious. Then again, associations truly need great working environment exhibitions from their representatives consequently of given pay (Purdy, 2008, p.21). Speculation banking and gathering pledges can be considered as troublesome and unpleasant however brave occupation to do as such. John Bishop by and large works for over 80 hours out of every week in his association. What's more, he needs to travel a great deal during these occasions. Working for additional hours and steady voyaging are the attributes of these activity jobs. In any case, John Bishop and Tony Kurtz have acknowledged the degree of work pressure and consistent commitment with customers essentially. Two viewpoints can add to elevated level of occupation fulfillment in these models. Rewarding pay rates and impetuses can be considered as the most essential and key explanation s for the activity fulfillment (Kusluvan, 2003, p.78). It is known to every single corporate official that finance raisers and venture brokers are perceived as cash man inside this industry. The representatives with these activity jobs have a noteworthy chance to procure worthwhile motivations against one portfolio. In this manner, compensations, motivators and money related prizes can be considered as the significant supporters of the elevated level of employment fulfillment (Shribman, 2008, p.9). Every single representative needs proficient development in their corporate profession. In this manner, everyone needs to work under renowned associations. David Clark works in MTV as VP of worldwide promoting. Then again, Irene Tse works in Goldman Sachs as government bond-exchanging head.â

Language Acquisition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Language Acquisition - Essay Example A few hypotheses have been advanced that attempt to clarify this procedure (Pinker, language procurement). A few scholars accept that the obtaining of language is a characteristic and natural piece of the kid development process and down play the significance of parental input while others accept that it is the aftereffect of their general condition and how they associate with others, along these lines concurring hugeness to grown-up youngster communication. This paper tries to break down the various speculations that have been advanced to clarify language obtaining assessing how they all investigate the significance of parental criticism in the improvement of semantic abilities. Nativist scholars accept that a youngster is brought into the world with an inborn capacity to get familiar with a language which makes it moderately simple for them to get familiar with another dialect instead of grown-ups who wish to gain proficiency with a subsequent language. In this sense, language is seen as a major aspect of the human hereditary make up; a characteristic quality like winged animals figuring out how to fly and fish figuring out how to swim (Macwinney, 1998). As Macwinney (1998) calls attention to, a few scientists accept that since the securing of language is by all accounts remarkable just to people and it must be... Hypotheses have been advanced to help this newborn child intrinsic sentence structure module. Youngsters appear to show an uncanny capacity to regard linguistic structure in their initial discourse. This loans confidence to the conviction that the capacity to learn language is hereditarily wired in the mind. Be that as it may, the nativist speculations have been censured for neglecting to appropriately and precisely represent their cases on obtaining of the language, making specialists search for different clarifications to the innate human ability to learn language (Macwinney, 1998). Parental input in the Nativism hypothesis Parental input isn't seen to be of any hugeness to a youngster's procurement of language. Nativism scholars call attention to that kids do the majority of the language securing without anyone else, as outlined when a family moves to a remote nation. The guardians appear to battle with the new dialect and may not ace it totally however youngsters will consistently adjust quicker and communicate in the language more luxuriously and smoothly than their folks. This without anyone else invalidates any job of parental input in the securing of language as the youngsters can adjust superior to the guardians. Emergentism This is a part of nativist hypothesis approach yet varies from nativism in that it sees the procurement of language as a result not simply of the inherent science of human perception, yet in addition because of social examples of cooperation and info. Emergentism sees kids as learning language through methods for a self arranging map with sound-related, idea and articulatory as the columns. A kid learns language autonomously by partner various components to these columns (Macwinney, 1998). Macwinney (1998) brings up that there are neural systems in the mind that will impact the

Problems of the Employee Stress in Organizations

Youth is the future abundance of a nation. ? of a country’s Population is youth. Youth establish age gathering of 15 - 35. We will compose a custom exposition test on Youth Without Ethics Is a Disaster or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now Youth Is blessed with brilliant eyes loaded up with dreams of an incredible future, a ground-breaking solid capable bodies, minds with gurgling euphoria †this is the condition of youth. They have the vitality and force not exclusively to crush consuming circles of fire or ejecting volcanoes, yet in addition the epitome of adoration and friendship. They are like the ascending elevated tides of an ocean.But the disaster is, the place the young is relied upon to include in building a paradise on earth with their innovativeness, there we discover the disturbance of a hellfire. Youth is contrasted with a man on consuming coals. They went as far as such a state because of companion weight, stress and Disrespect to introduce social structure. Alongside age, there’s progress in virtues as well. It’s the obligation of guardians at home, instructors in school and the society’s in road to teach youth as far as virtues and morals. Since the time adolescence, there’s a huge impact of guardians and family foundation on the youth.If youth is pulled in towards fear mongering, it’s for the most part because of strict philosophical conditions. In the times of Gandhi, his basic way of life and practices profoundly affected the adolescent. Netaji’s conciliatory life excited progressive musings in the adolescent. Interestingly, values in today’s universe of instruction and business have crumbled. Youth hood begins with the theft of either a bike or vehicle and end up with murder, which is only implosion. With the expanded materialistic culture, youth is unequipped for effective development of their splendid future.Youth is the spine and the principle backing of our general public. Its establishment is in the current day. It’s pointless as well as unthinkable a solid and sound society when its establishment is feeble. To what extent with the greenery of a tree lost if its underlying foundations are not solid? Just so the current day youth remain image of unethical behavior. This age of youth is step by step going as far as a state dispossessed of qualities and culture. Principles of dress, correspondence and social conduct have corrupted. Destructivity supplanted inventiveness in them foulness in dressing revolting and inadmissible Language in correspondence makes us hang our heads in shame.They do no discourage even to go for a corrosive assault to extinguish their desire. The current day film legend and champions are their good examples. The music of present age likewise causes a ruinous impact on the young. There are surges of suicides. Ending it all has become as straightforward as erasing a message from versatile. The reason if self destruction us as minor as disappointment in affection or training, financial issues or guardians rebuking. Despite what might be expected, youth consider the self destruction as a penance or upset and cause extraordinary torment and distress to guardians. Their disposition about existence as an idealism rather than arduous excursion mirrors their soaked pessimism.The present day training can give a declaration to youth yet not the genuine turn of events. Declaration that doesn't prepare one about social duty is equivalent to a harsh paper fit for dustbin. Whoever procures an authentication can't win his work through it because of high rivalry and extraordinary, joblessness. Youth dream to have the world in their clench hand. Conceivable or outlandish is insignificant satisfying their longing is the principle rules. Phone and web culture is reducing our childhood to fit in vain colleagues. Visiting, computer games and tuning in to music in I-cases has become the every day routine.Naxalism and fear mongering is debilitating sap of the adolescent. Post present day youth, is horrendous to duties, became squanderers, choose pre-marriage premature births. Absence of objective and an objective is making them unfit for the general public. Youth is contending in turning out to be heavy drinkers. This propensity which harms body as well as psyche is wild. Free sex, and impact of western culture is an extraordinary hit to Indian culture and legacy. Demise rate in youth because of AIDS is in disturbing reach. The significant compensation in I. T. area expanded the consumption pattern. This has uncommon impact on the adolescent. The main job of youth in W. T. C. devastation and deaths of Indira Gandhi and Rajeev Gandhi is a glaring case of fallen adulterated character. New youth dependent on smoking, cocaine, earthy colored sugar, gut ka, skillet parag demonstrate their humbling. In the event that this young force focused on the social works the amount more our nation would have created. Impact Of media on youth is substantially more than that of the home and school. Rehashed transmission of savage scenes negatively affects youth. Movies with topics of adoration brutality, murder have filled the psyches of the youth.It is awful to find that young hood which is a stage that denotes the finish of adolescence and start of pre-adult stage is on the track of annihilation. The incomparable idea that what I can accomplish for this nation rather that what this nation provided for me is to be developed. What is significant is â€Å"What sort of life we lived, not how long we lived†. In the event that young †a base for the past, any desire for present and dream or rut5ure, rather than being reason for annihilation, an undertaking, in the constr4uction of Modern India, India’s acclaim can be spread all through this universe. The most effective method to refer to Youth Without Ethics Is a Disaster, Papers

Consumer Shopping Behaviour

Literature Review Introduction Satisfaction of consumer needs and wants is the definitive goal for triumph in business. Hence, an effectual marketing strategy must spotlight on serving consumers/customers better than the competitors. The marketing manager should be interested in revealing the complexities of an individual buyer, the dynamics of consumer behavior and should also try to understand consumers individual differences so that he/she can segment the total market in terms of those differences Nisel (2001). Buyer decision making should be carefully studied by organizations and marketing managers to have a full understanding of how buyers obtain information, how they form their beliefs, and what specific product-choice criteria are sued by customers. Specific products/services can then be cultivated that will fulfill the appropriate requirements of these groups. Therefore, finding the motives that lead to differences in consumers decision-making processes is a critical factor for a company in accomplishing its marketing objectives in order to satisfy its customers Nisel (2001). Differences in consumers decision-making processes can aid the managers in classifying individuals into meaningful homogeneous subgroups. Olson Peter, 1994 defined consumer behaviour as the dynamic interaction of affect and cognition, behaviour and environmental events by which human beings conduct the exchange aspects of their lives. Every organization is interested in consumer behaviour for the sake of strategizing and streamlining their marketing mix to meeting the needs of their target market. Business entities have special interest in consumer behaviour for the reason that they can develop marketing strategies to induce consumers to purchase their products based on consumer research and analysis. For a companys marketing strategy to hit the success mark, it will largely depend on how well the strategy is tailor measured to buyers needs and wants and how these buyers react to the strategy. Companies can find out what satisfies their customers by mandating their marketers to examine the main influences on what, where, when and how customers buy goods and services Dibb et al (2001). When these factors are well under stood, companies through theirmarketers can better be able to predict how consumers will respond to the marketing strategies of the firm. In the null shell, the information gathered through the market research and analysis will position the firm to compete more effectively in the marketplace, afford it will greater market share and better customer service delivery which will lead to customer satisfaction. This chapter which looks at the literature review will primarily center on why buyers behave the way they behave, their purchase decision process, the influencers of their decision, gathering knowledge for purchase decision, effective segmentation by supermarket operators, how to cultivate a good behaviour for shoppers, shopping convenience among other things. This is an attempt to develop a framework for the study buyer behaviour as a determinant for purchase. Shopping Motivation Shopping has become a part of everyday living for most people both home and abroad. Regardless of the increase of various home delivery shopping services, shopping for most reasons means physical visits to a shopping site. The place most repeatedly visited is either the supermarket or the shopping mall. In fact, going shopping is a major source of relaxation as well as a household chore according to Dholakia (1999). Oakley (1974) asserts that shopping is one of the activities with the most positive attribute of being able to talk to others while doing work. Shopping is widely regarded as a major leisure-time activity Reid and Brown (1996). Cullen (1990) emphasized that, shopping is second only to TV watching in the pantheon of British leisure. Others such as Bloch et al (1992) and Macalister (1992) have also generally and similarly supported that with statistical data. Shopping may or may not be a leisure or recreational activity Howard (2007). Theories of recreation and its meaning are numerous and often times they come with a moral factor. Bronowski (in Howard, 2007) for instance believes that, leisure brings a promise that: . . . A deep sense of appreciation envelopes us and lifts us to a higher plane, where we discover that there is peace and beauty and joy in the world. And that may carry over into increasing appreciation of life itself. Shopping motivation may be due to buyer leisure and an important factor to this can be attributed to be attitude to time by diverse consumers on special occasions. This assertion has had some exploring work on them (Davies, 1994; Whysall, 1991, Howard, 2007). There are a lot of scholars who have pointed out that, there is a nascent sense of time pressure on consumers/customers and these tend to be more affluent than the normal citizenry (Lewis and Bridger, 2000 and Howard, 2007). Schiller (1999) make a case that mainstream retailing (consisting of routinely and regularly purchased goods) is increasingly being put under a time squeeze, partly because of longer working hours and higher female participation rates in the labour market, and partly because holidays and other leisure activities are taking an increasing share of consumers time and money. Schiller (1999) explain leisure shopping as the mirror image of mainstream retailing where the outing is not so much a means to an end as the whole point, and shopping is only part of the experience. There is evidence of an increasing proportion of people saying that they spend time looking around the shops as a leisure activity (Mintel, 2000). Tauber 1972 gave two categories of shopping motives to be role playing and Social experience outside the home. The table below shows nine shopping motives which have been grouped under two main categories. Table I Shopping Motivation Role playing Social experience outside the home Diversion Communication with others with similar interests Learning about new trends Peer group attraction Physical activity Enjoying status and authority Self-gratification Pleasure of bargaining Sensory stimulation Source: Tauber (1972) In his research, Dholakia, (1996) empirically determined three motives for going shopping based on factor analysis of 13 statements. These three motives were labeled as: Interactions with family Utilitarian and Shopping as pleasure Shop attractiveness The shop must be attractive to meet the expectation of the target customer. Shop attractiveness may come as a result interplay of multiple of factors. A customer may find a shop attractive due to its versatility in terms of product assortment and variety, physical evidence, tailor-measured customer service, fast service recovery rate, longetivity, location convenience, one-stop shopping advantage among other things. Howard (2007) asks what she terms as the obvious question of shopping as just what makes shopping a pleasurable or leisure experience. Amongst the work on particular environments and factors have appeared some interesting ideas about browsing (Bloch et al., 1991, 1994; Lombart, 2004, Howard, 2007). Jones (1999) looked at the array of factors involved in entertaining shopping experiences. Jones observed retailer factors (prices, selection, store environment and salespeople) and customer factors (social aspects, tasks, times, product involvement and financial resources) tog ether. There have been a few empirical studies done to analyze the motivational aspects of consumers to explain their attraction to shopping malls (Bodkin and Lord, 1997; Ruiz, 1999; Dennis et al., 2001; Nicholls, et al., 2000, 2002, El-Adly, 2007). Ruiz (1999) puts the starting point of some shoppers attractiveness to shops on the motives of purely economic motives; while others are attracted due to emotional motives and other due to multi-purpose shoppers which are the combination of these motives. In Nicholls et al. (2000), he found that Chilean consumers visit malls for fundamental reason of purchasing factors and also he found USA consumers visit to shopping malls is for diverse reasons which largely revolves around entertainment. Wakefield and Baker (1998) found that the mall environment influences the desire to stay and re-patronage intentions to the mall. Bloch et al. (1994) on the other hand in his paper investigated the consequence of shopping mall physical environment on consumer s emotional states. His research reviewed that malls were viewed by consumers as a place for shopping as the basic reasons; however, entertainment played a role among other things in the view of consumers about the shopping mall. Nicholls et al. (2002) added to entertainment motives when he observed that todays mall patrons tend to be more leisure driven than shoppers in the early 1990s. Finn Louviere, 1996; and Sit et al., 2003 in their studies have given the indication that, the significance of the shopping centre image is a decisive determinant on consumer patronage decisions. Terblanche (1999) was concerned about the impact of four dimensions on shopping centre patronage. His four dimensions of shopping center patronage included, functional, recreational, socializing, and convenience dimensions. He based on these dimensions to be the perceived profit that consumers enjoy when visiting a super regional shopping centre or a shopping mall. His findings showed that recreation (entertainment) appears to be the major benefit pursued by shoppers that patronize a super regional shopping centre. Bellenger et al., 1977; Bloch et al., 1994; and Roy, 1994 also looked at demographic and psychographic characteristics of mall patrons. Martin and Turley (2004) studied the attitudes of the young segment of shoppers towards malls, and factors arousing utilization. They found that they were more likely to be objectively rather than socially motivated to patronize. In addition to the effect of malls internal attributes on patronage, other attributes such as travel components that include comfort, reliability of transport mode, effort, tension, distance, and value were significant in affecting shopping centers patronage (Ibrahim, 2002). Segmenting the consumer market of shopping mall Over the last three decades, there has been a substantial amount of research on market segmentation for consumer goods and services El-Adly (2007). As competition in the retail marketplace increases, the need for more precise segmentation tools becomes greater Chetthamrongchai and Davies (2000). However, segmentation research in retailing was very rare and concentrated on individual stores, not on the mall itself (Frasquet et al., 2001; Ruiz et al., 2004). Demographic variables alone provide a narrow perspective of consumer behaviour and thus market segmentation (Boedeker and Marjanen, 1993). Methods using shopping motivation as the basis for distinguishing between individuals offer a more grounded approach in classifying shoppers, Stone (1954), Tauber (1972), Westbrook and Black (1985) and Bellenger and Korgaonkar (1980). Retail market segmentation is necessary and often critical to the development of effective marketing strategies in todays competitive marketplace Segal and Giacobb e (1994). Segal and Giacobbe (1994) further posit that, the impetus for a market segmentation strategy is basic: customers exhibit heterogeneous needs and purchase patterns, and thus respond differently to different marketing stimuli. El-Adly (2007) suggest that there are two segmentation approaches that have been introduced in the marketing literature, a priori and cluster-based segmentation (also called post-hoc). Priory segmentation has been subject to criticism in that it focuses on the external characteristics of consumers (e.g. sex, age and social class) in describing the differences between segments behaviour El-Adly (2007). Harrison, (1995) asserts that, these external characteristics are not necessary determinants of buying behaviour. Thus, it is found that, just a few researchers have used this approach in shopping centre segmentation Chetthamrongchai and Davies (2000). Lee et al. (2005) as an instance studied shopping centre factors that have an influence on shopping enjoyment of male segment. They found that shopping-centre features, ancillary facilities, value-added features and special events are momentous in shaping male shoppers pleasure. Dennis et al. (2001) in a part of their study used different subsets of a priori segmentation pairs: male/female, higher/lower socio-economic groups, higher/lower household income, older/younger and auto/public transport. Dennis et al. (2001) however, the finally based their study on post-hoc segmentation. Service and shops were identified groups importance of motivation, which were seen as more useful than conventional a priori segmentation roots in modeling spending behaviour among shoppers. Compared with a priori segmentation, the post-hoc or cluster-based approach has obtained much attention in shopping mall segmentation El-Adly (2007). Using this approach, a heterogeneous population is segmented on the basis of homogeneous responses from within the population (Gwin and Lindgren, 1982). In this concern, Finn and Louviere (1990) identified shopper segments based on differences in shopping mall consideration sets and investigated the differences in mall choice parameters for these segments. At the same line, Boedeker (1995) segmented shoppers on the basis of their general choice criteria of a retail outlet, into two groups the new type shoppers who value both the recreational and economic/convenience characteristics of a retail outlet and the traditional shoppers who were much lower in their desire for the recreational aspects. Mall attributes have been used by Reynolds et al. (2002) to segment malls into five segments namely enthusiasts, basic, apathetic, destination an d serious. Sit et al. (2003) used the mall image attributes to segment shoppers into six market segments labeled as the serious shopper, the entertainment shopper, the demanding shopper, the convenience shopper, the apathetic shopper, and the service shopper. Stone (1954) suggested that consumers engage in the shopping process for a variety of reasons which can be identified with one or more of four shopper-orientation profiles, namely economic shoppers, who view shopping as a necessary task; personalising shoppers, who value the social networking integral to shopping; ethical shoppers, who see shopping as an activity influenced by their views as to what is right or wrong, and apathetic shoppers, who dislike the activity. Other researchers have advanced and refined the notion of shopping motivation using the same or similar conceptualisations (Tauber, 1972; Buttle and Coates, 1984). Boedeker (1995) found that shopping profiles can be classified into two main types, new-type shoppers and traditional shoppers. Boedeker (1995) put forward that the main differences between these factions lie in their fondness for the use of leisure time and their experiences while shopping. New type shoppers refer to those consumers who simultaneously value both the recreational and economic/convenience characteristics of a retail outlet Chetthamrongchai and Davies (2000). They further posit that traditional shoppers tend to enjoy the experience more. Bellenger and Korgaonkar (1980) argue that, for some people, shopping may even be a very enjoyable use of time without the purchase of goods or services. These shoppers can be referred to as the recreational shoppers; they usually embark on non-planned shopping and are more likely to persist to shop even after making a purchase. Convenience shoppers on the other hand, may seek to minimize the time required for shopping Chetthamrongchai and Davies (2000). While most studies have considered shopping for any type of product, some previous studies have focused specifically on food shopping behaviour, the product sector of interest here. Cluster analysis has been used to identify market segments who share similar views (Darden and Ashton, 1974; Herrmann and Warland, 1990). Purchase decision process Trout and Rivkin (2000) estimate that there are now more than one million stock-keeping units (SKUs) in America, and that an average supermarket stocks 40,000 SKUs. The complexity of consumer decisions is increasing: in the 1960s a consumer chose between approximately 100 models from four car manufacturers now there are 260 models from 20 manufacturers (Trout and Rivkin, 2000). Lye et al (2005) in their study have done an in-depth review of both empirical and theoretical studies on consumer decision making. Lye et al (2005) comprehensive analysis of consumer decision is being adopted by this study. They analyzed the works of Kotler, 1972; Schramm, 1971; Howard (1963); Nicosia (1966); Engel et al., 1978; Engel et al. (1968); Farley and Ring, 1970; Lutz and Resek, 1972; Hunt and Pappas, 1972; San Augustine et al., 1977; Hunt and Pappas, 1972; Rau and Samiee, 1981 They posit that the simplest and perhaps earliest theoretical form of consumer decision model was the black box (Kotler et al., 2004, p. 244). Lye et al (2005) explained that, the black box provides a simplified model focused on exogenous variables. The black box model avoided any supposition associated with identifying processes and variables embedded in the minds of consumers. It is essentially a stimulus-response model based on early communication research, including the work of Ivan Pavlov (Kotle r, 1972, p. 104). Schramm argues that: . . . most of the communication process is in the black box of the central nervous system, the contents of which we understand only vaguely [. . .] we are therefore dealing with analogies and gross functions [. . .] [not] a true copy of what happens in the black box, a matter of which we cannot now speak with any great confidence (Schramm, 1971, pp. 24-5). The early integrated models of consumer decision-making attempted to unpack the black box to provide an understanding of the internal consumer decision process for marketing purposes Lye et al (2005). Howard (1963) presented an integrative model of buyer behaviour that was modified and became the well-known Howard and Sheth model (1969). Nicosia (1966) published an influential model that used a diagram and equations to explain the decision process. However, a lack of empirical support or subsequent modifications (Engel et al., 1978) resulted in Nicosias model disappearing from marketing texts. The Engel et al. (1968) buyer behaviour model survives today, albeit in a modified form. Although other models have been published, these early models were ground-breaking: they evolved and two of the three have survived for over 30 years Lye et al (2005). These integrated buyer behaviour models comes with some criticisms, and empirical testing has proved problematic (Farley and Ring, 1970; Lutz and Resek, 1972; Hunt and Pappas, 1972). However, support for parts of the models has been published (e.g. San Augustine et al., 1977). The greatest empirical challenges have been creating a clear definition of the model boundaries, identifying the relationship between the variables and determining the best proxies by which the variables can be operationalized (Hunt and Pappas, 1972; Rau and Samiee, 1981). The purpose of the early consumer decision models was to illustrate conceptually an integrated decision model rather than develop a precise, comprehensive research roadmap. The stated purpose of the Howard-Sheth model was the description, application, and assessment of those elements of the theory of human behaviour which they believe to be essential in understanding the range of activities that they call buying (Rau and Samiee, 1981, p. 307). Our current powerful analytical techniques may allow us to test these holistic early models, but should we do so? Should we impose 35 years of empirical research on these foundational conceptual models and expect empirical validity, when their stated purpose was a conceptual description? Lye et al (2005) asked what they call the fundamental question of whether the existing decision models reflect the reality of current decision making. They answered both in the affirmative and in the negative citing that, in the affirmative, decision models have been found to reflect decision-making within the context of a single decision that is under examination within the empirical research. In the negative they cited lack of generalization across decision contexts. The psychology world of the decision maker is seen to be influenced by a set of expectations that are in turn a function of the background of dependent on product and company specific factors as well as on the process of joint decision making. Howard and Sheth also called attention to the critical factors in organizational buying. Consumer Decision theory Consumer decision theory has been developed simultaneously in the psychology, organizational behaviour and marketing disciplines, with each trying to understand the decision-making of individuals, albeit for different purposes and from different perspectives Lye et al (2005). There are three main sets of groupings of consumer decision theory; they are; (1) Normative decision theory (von Neumann and Morgenstern, 1947; Savage, 1954). The normative decision theory gives a prescription of how the person making the decision should behave to obtain maximum utility (Edwards, 1954; Simon, 1955; Fischhoff et al., 1983; Beach, 1998). The expected utility theory (von Neumann and Morgenstern, 1947) and subjective expected utility theory (Savage, 1954) are examples of the normative decision theory. Fischer et al., (2000) asserts that the normative decision theory permits decision makers to be uncertain about the occurrence of events in the external environment, but assume that decision makers know their own preferences with certainty. (2) Simon (1955) has challenged the normative decision theory. He argued that the decision maker has only bounded rationality (March, 1978) and is seeking to satisfice, not maximize. Based on that, the behavioural decision theory has been formed (Payne et al., 1988, 1993). Payne et al in both of researches has found that consumers are adaptive decision makers and their preferences are highly dependent on person-, context-, and task-specific factors (Tversky, 1969; Lichtenstein and Slovic, 1971; Simonson, 1989; Slovic, 1995; Luce et al., 1997; Luce, 1998; Swait and Adamowicz, 2001). This constructive view of decision-making differentiates between behavioural and normative decision theory (Payne et al., 1992). In reality, not all decision makers have well-established preferences. Hence researchers argued that consumer preference uncertainty leads to contingent use of decision strategies (Payne, 1976, 1982; Christensen-Szalanski, 1978; Payne et al., 1995) and contingent weighting of att ribute importance (Tversky et al., 1988; Fischer et al., 2000) by consumers. Behavioural decision research has identified many decision strategies. Satisficing (Simon, 1955) is arguably the most well known behavioural strategy. (3) The third theory is the naturalistic decision theory (Klein et al., 1993). This has evolved out of the principle that decision behaviour should be observed in its natural settings and decision models be developed from the observed real-life decision behaviour (Beach, 1998). Naturalistic decision theory approaches decision making from both a process and outcome perspective Lye et al (2005). Lye et al (2005) posits that, the naturalistic theory begins with a situation assessment and offers multiple paths to a purchase decision depending on the consumers assessment of that decision situation. Each decision theory category has developed in response to a need to understand the consumer decision process within the black box, with many different decision strategies providing insight into how consumers make decisions Lye et al (2005). Consumer Decision Strategies Consumers in making purchase decisions go through processes which will eventually will them to the choice of a decision alternative (Svenson, 1979, Lye et al., 2005). The strategies that consumers go through can be categorized by using two factors which are the compensatory versus non-compensatory comparisons; and alternative-based versus attribute-based (Bettman et al., 1998) comparisons. Lye et al., (2005) have tabulated the comparative summary of normative and behavioural decision theories which I present in table I below. Table I: Classification of decision strategies Compensatory Non-compensatory Alternative Additive models Equal weighting models Weighted adding Conjunctive Equal weight Satisficing Disjunctive Attribute Additive difference models Differential weighting models Majority of confirming dimensions Lexographic Elimination by aspects Lye et al., 2005 All normative decision strategies fall within the additive group, reflecting a process of analyzing each option in detail. Compensatory strategies require consumers to make a trade-off between differing values on multiple attributes (Stevenson and Naylor, 1990). Compensatory strategies require extensive information processing because substantial detail is gathered to analyze the trade-offs Lye et al (2005). Non-compensatory strategies do not involve trade-off rather, they focus on whether or not an attribute meets a predetermined cut-off level (Stevenson and Naylor, 1990). Alternative-based processing refers to a consumer selecting a product/brand and examining all of its attributes before considering the next product (or alternative) Lye et al (2005). The consumer as an adaptive decision maker and does not have a master list of preferences, creating challenges when they choose in an unfamiliar environment Lye et al., (2005). Payne et al. (1993), proposing an accuracy-effort framework, found that consumers are adaptive decision makers. No single strategy is the more efficient across all decision environments (Payne et al., 1995), and therefore consumers constantly adjust their behaviour and their decision strategy in a way that represents reasonable accuracy-effort trade-offs (March, 1978; Payne et al., 1990). Bettman et al. (1998) have proposed an extension of the accuracy-effort framework. They made a case that, in addition to maximizing decision accuracy and minimizing cognitive effort, consumers would also want to minimize negative emotion and maximize ease of justification for the purchase made; i.e. a combination of four meta-goals contributes to consumers contingent decision behaviour. Empirical research has revealed that consumers use a decision strategy based on task complexity (Payne, 1976; Olshavsky, 1979), cognitions (Pennington and Hastie, 1986, 1988; Shanteau, 1988; Hammond, 1990) and feelings or emotion (Garbarino and Edell, 1997; Luce et al., 1997). Research reveals the consumer may be an adaptive decision maker, utilizing different strategies in purchase decisions Lye et al., (2005). Buyer Behaviour Rational buyer behavior is based on the decision process, which involves the set of rules that the buyer employs to match his motives and his means of satisfying those motives (Howard and Sheth, 1969). Different studies have shown that consumers showing differences in their characteristics have different needs and wants, so the variation becomes observable in the decisions they take during buying a product (Zeithaml, 198; Zeithaml, 1988; Stanton et al., 1994). In view of that, a number of buyer behaviour models have been developed and discussed in the literature. I will therefore at this point give the state of affairs in the marketing and economics literature concerning behaviour models. Buyer behaviour models The buyer behaviour models on the present days literature are extensive and divergent in their methodology and usefulness. Nicosia (1968) and Engel et al. (1978) are among the very ones that are mostly used by researchers and in an attempt to arrive at a more purposeful model, there has been modification and improvement since they were introduced. The foundations of current consumer decision theory were laid in the 1960s with the Nicosia (1968), Engel et al. (1968) and Howard and Sheth (1969) integrated models of consumer decision making. Despite increasing purchase complexity, two of these models have been remarkably resilient and have remained as the basis for current marketing texts and marketing education (for examples, see Kotler et al., 2004; Sheth and Krishnan, 2005). The Nicosia model (1968) has its focus on the processes that proceeds purchases and followed by the act; and not necessarily on the act of purchasing itself, `The act of purchasing is only one component of a complex ongoing process; a process of many interactions amongst many variables Vignali et al, (2001). Vignali et al, (2001) asserts that, the firms attributes lead to a message being sent out to the consumer, who in turn translates the message based on their own attributes and needs. The Nicosia (1968) model assumes that no prior consumer knowledge or experience with the product exists. Researchers such as Loudon, 1988; Chisnall, 1992; and Solomon, 1994 believe that, the search and evaluation processes considered in this model are over-rational Vignali et al, (2001). They alluded to high-cost products as opposed to low-cost products. Therefore, the use of this model to study food buyer behaviour is limited. Howard and Sheth (1968) also developed a model which was more or less a black box model. This model ended up categorizing three variables which determine and influence an individuals buying decision. These categories are; institutional environmental characteristics; societal environmental characteristics; personal characteristics. This model involves information processing, perception and purchasing processes which are a result of motives Vignali et al, (2001). The next commonly used model is the Engel, Kollat Blackwell model (1978) which originated in 1968. This model in 1973 went through some development and was further revised in 1978. The model portrays a series of ongoing processes where products are sought and evaluated in terms of the competitive environment Vignali et al 2001. The model asserts that future purchases are influenced by prior experience of manufacturers or competitive influences Vignali et al (2001). General motivating influences, such as personality or life-style, are also included Vignali et al (2001). Sternthal and Craig, (1982) criticized the model as being too simplistic and too mechanical which therefore does not recognized the complexities and the changing nature of human behaviour. Purchase Situation of the Buyer The purchasing situation is a significant aspect and determinant of buyer behaviour (Robinson et al., 1967). In general, Purchasing Situation models describe the product, market and buyer characteristics that are present for a specific purchase Sproule and Archer (2000). Sproule and Archer (2000) asserted that, as a starting point for the agent development framework of the purchasing situation is used to indicate domains where agents are most applicable. Marketing research has explored how both frequency of purchase and perceived risk affect the search and choice behaviours of the buyer Sproule and Archer (2000). I will at this point discuss how purchase choice is made and the activities involved in different purchase situations. Search behaviour Klein, (1998) posits that the buyer searches for information and can be characterized by its extent (the number of sources used, depth and breadth), its duration, and the types of sources consulted (retail, media, neutral, interpersonal). Economic principles argue that buyers will search for information until the marginal cost of further search exceeds the marginal benefits Sproule and Archer (2000). By reducing search costs, Sproule and Archer (2000) reason that, the Internet is an instrument that increases the extent of search activities over all types of purchasing situations. The Internet is a powerful tool that has the capacity to give buyers numerous ways to share needs and experience with products and service. Marketing research has explored how buyers use various types of information sources and how buyers allocate search effort among sources. However, marketing research does not yet understand how buyers will value these new sources or how the new mix of sources will be used (Klein, 1998; Hauser et al., 1993). Sproule and Archer (2000) describe the search behaviour of the buyer as regards familiar and unfamiliar products in the following word; a buyer who is unfamiliar with a product needs concept-forming information, to learn about the relevant attributes of the product category and determine the appropriate choice criteria. Once the choice criteria are formed, the buyer collects brand-specific information to compare the important attributes to these criteria. Through this process, the original set of alternatives is limited to a manageable set of potential brands. A buyer familiar with a product category, but buying infrequently, will continue to use previously developed choice criteria, but needs new information about relevant brand attributes. In the case of frequent purchases, the information of the buyer needs is reduced to a small set of situational attributes, such as price or availability, to compare between acceptable brands (Kaas, 1982). Thus, the information requirements change from unstructured to structure as the buyer accumulates knowledge about the product category Sproule and Archer (2000). The information required in the purchase situation of unfamiliar products is expected to be longer in an attempt to reduce the risk. This sometimes can be very long to the extent of deferring purchase (Taylor, 1974). Storage, memory aids, and the continued timeliness of the information will be important considerations in these situations Figure 1:Information requirements and frequency of purchasing Brand Information (Semi-Structure) Situational Information (structured) Concept-Forming Information (Unstructured) New Product Purchase Frequent Purchase Source:Kaase, 1982 Marketing research tells us that acquiring and processing additional information is also a common strategy that buyers use to reduce perceived risk (Cox, 1967; Taylor, 1974; Webster and Wind, 1972). In a high-risk situation, the buyer wants in-depth information about potential outcomes and consequences so that the uncertainty associated with these factors can be reduced Sproule and Archer (2000). In contrast, low-risk situations are characterized by shallow search behaviour Sproule and Archer (2000). The credibility of a source is related to both its expertise and its trustworthiness (Levitt, 1967; Webster and Wind, 1972). Search support Sproule and Archer (2000) in their agent search buying behaviour asserted that, agent development must recognize that individual buyers have varying levels of familiarity with a product category and different perceptions of the risks involved in a purchase. Frequent buyers of a product have structured situational information requirements Sproule and Archer (2000). In a simple shopping situation, the buyer search a limited set of brands and shops and return comparative information on a limited set of situational attributes. For this reason, Bokos (1998) posits that the seller (in this study the retailer) must ensure that that the information infrastructure allows for both price and product differentiation buyers experience and risk profile, allowing the buyer to select or rank the types of sources would be a useful feature Sproule and Archer (2000). Buyer-Choice Behaviour Once the relevant information has been retrieved, the buyers choice task consists of a set of alternatives, each described by a series of attributes Sproule and Archer (2000). There are varying attributes in this case; they include among other things such as desirability, consequences and the consumers willingness to trade off one attribute for another. Uncertainty is introduced when the consumer does not have all information about some attributes (Bettman et al., 1998). Rational choice theory assumes that the buyer determines the expected utility of each alternative and chooses the alternative that maximizes this function by using techniques such as those described in multi-attribute decision theory Sproule and Archer (2000). The information processing method acknowledges that, the cognitive restrictions of human decision-makers and describes commonly observed, less rational, choice behaviour such as constraint-based elimination Sproule and Archer (2000). Theories of constructive choice assume that consumers do not always have known preferences, but rather construct them when required in the choice process (Bettman et al., 1998). In a repetitive purchasing situation, there is little uncertainty Sproule and Archer (2000). Buyers know the attributes that are important, and have limited the alternatives to those products with the necessary values in these attributes. Buyers often use a staged approach where a constraint-based approach is used initially to limit the number of alternatives. A strategy employing more extensive information processing can then be applied to this limited set of alternatives (Bettman et al., 1998). When there is risk involving serious potential consequences or difficult trade-offs, buyers choose one of two coping mechanisms. In problem-focused coping, a strategy that involves more extensive information processing is chosen. In emotion-focused coping, a strategy that avoids trade-offs is chosen (Bettman et al., 1998). Buying Behaviour and Purchase Framework From the review of the above literature, it is very clear that the buyer goes through processes before arriving at the purchase point (situation). This therefore gives a cause for the development of a framework for the study of buying behaviour as a purchase determinant. My focus for the framework will be on how the buyers gather information from the need recognition point to the how the purchase is made. I will further assess with the framework the post purchase behaviour to analyze the possibility of repeat purchase.

Evidence For Pro Metastatic Role Of Tams Genetic Studies

Evidence for pro-metastatic role of TAMs: Genetic studies in mice have shown decreased rates of tumor growth and metastasis are associated with decreased TAM numbers. Lin and colleagues crossed a transgenic mouse susceptible to mammary cancer with mice containing a recessive null mutation in the CSF-1 gene (Csf1op) and compared tumor progression in wild-type and mice lacking CSF1. Of note, CSF1 is an important survival factor for macrophages. They observed that the absence of CSF-1 significantly reduced lung metastases. However, transgenic expression of CSF-1 in the mammary epithelium of both Csf1op/Csf1op and wild-type tumor-prone mice led to accelerated disease progression and to a significant increase in lung metastasis, which was associated with an enhanced infiltration of TAMs into the primary tumor. In this mouse model, they also observed that TAMs play a crucial role in the ‘‘angiogenic switch† when hyperplastic lesions develop into early stage mammary carcin omas. Similarly, in another study using transplanted tumors, CSF1 depletion resulted in an impairment of tumor growth accompanied with extensive necrosis and poor vascularization, which could be reversed by treatment of mice with CSF1 (Nowicki). These studies provide strong evidence that TAMs promote malignant tumor progression. TAMs promote cancer cell invasion and intravasation: The mechanisms by which TAMs promote metastases are numerous. TAMs have been called the â€Å"jack-of all trades† of the myeloid lineageShow MoreRelatedPrevention And Treatment Of Breast Cancer3159 Words   |  13 Pagesand progression may be directly associated with immunosuppressive factors. On account of an expansion or increase of activation in CD8+ T cells and inhibition or decrease in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), the tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) may allow for immune suppression in breast cancer patients. In a similar manner, standard immunotherapy and checkpoint blockade brings about an optimal clinical response in the regulation of immunity. Scientific research and publications regardingRead MoreResearch Proposal: The role of perivascular macrophages in breast cancer metastasis. 1. Specific2800 Words   |  12 PagesResearch Proposal: The role of perivascular macrophages in breast cancer metastasis. 1. Specific Aims The tumour microenvironment is comprised of both malignant and non-malignant cells. Increasing evidence suggests that the fate of malignant cells is altered by the behaviour of the surrounding nonmalignant cells. Together, the diverse composition of the microenvironment, including immune cell infiltration, stromal cells and extracellular matrix, as well as nutrient and oxygen supply, shape the fateRead MoreCollective Behavior And Stigmergy Of Cancer Cells6661 Words   |  27 Pagesdependence of the correlation function differed completely from the theoretical predictions of standard models of moving particles with mechanisms of local alignment. We propose an explanation for this unexpected finding, supported by an analysis of the role of density in the ability of cells to communicate through the micro-environment (stigmergy), which revealed the emergence of a network-like structure of trails when the system density was sufficiently low. 1 Introduction modelling, driven by the massive

The Role Of Play Therapy On Children - 4628 Words

Children are often faced with mental health issues. Some common mental health issues may include; ADHD, anxiety, schizophrenia, autism, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Over time, treating children with these conditions has been a great challenge. Play therapy gives children the opportunity to express their feelings through play. The Association for Play Therapy (2002), states play therapy is a systematic use of a theoretical model to establish an interpersonal process where therapeutic powers of play are used to help clients prevent or resolve psychosocial difficulties and achieve optimal growth and development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of play therapy on children who have been exposed to trauma, and determine if parent involvement is beneficial in the child’s treatment process. In this review, we will discuss what play therapy is and why it is important. Previous work on play therapy infers that this therapy can be beneficial. Although, there are not enough studies to support its effectiveness on children who experience trauma. This research is geared towards specialists, who are involved in coming up with the parameters of play therapy and range from child psychologists, school counselors, social workers, and parents in a home-setting looking for therapy to suit their children. The research is also written in a concise and clear manner with simple terms which members of the public interested in the field can understand. It hasShow MoreRelatedTherapist Interview. The Field Of Child Counseling Has1406 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough the integration of play therapy within different therapeutic approaches, as this method allows children to express thoughts and feelings that they might not be able to convey any other way due to their limited vocabulary (Henderson Thompson, 2016). Over the past eight years, MacGill (2017) has built both her private practice, as well as functioned as a school counselor for students with special needs, MacGill demonstrates each day the many ways that play therapy can be integrated with severalRead MoreThe Role Of Play Therapy On Trauma Victims1274 Words   |  6 PagesChildren often face various mental health issues when they are growing up. These issues include anxiety, trauma, depression and now even autistic children. Treating young children of these conditions has been a great challenge over time. Therapy can help give children the opportunity to express their feelings through play. According to the Association for Play Therapy (2002), play therapy is a systematic use of a theoretical model to establish an interpersonal process in which trained play therapistsRead MoreThe Field Of Child Counseling Has Been Enriched Through1400 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough the integration of play therapy within different therapeutic approaches, as this method allows children to express thoughts and feelings that they might not be able to convey any other way due to their limited vocabulary (Henderson Thompson, 2016). Over the past eight years, MacGill (2017) has built both her private practice, as well as functioned as a school counselor for students with special needs, MacGill demonstrates each day the many ways that play therapy can be integrated with severalRead MoreThe Effects Of Occupational Therapy On An Illness1145 Words   |  5 Pagesreason for a client to need occupational therapy is due to an illness. Severe illnesses like cancer leaves the client with little energy for leisure, social, or work-related tasks after just doing some daily activities. Occupational therapy practitioners are experts with the knowledge of how to modify activities and environments to allow individuals to do the activities they want and need to do to maintain quality of life. The role of occupational therapy is, â€Å"to facilitate and enable an individualRead MoreThe Benefits and Challenges of Developing Play/Leisure Activities 997 Words   |  4 PagesAll children have a right to play; (Article 31, United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child) it can provide knowledge in their understanding of their environment. Play is a way for children to learn about their environment and how interactions occur within it. Children’s buoyancy develops through play, however, some children may experience stressful occurrences during their existence, and therefore, the adult’s role in facilitating a child’s play is a crucial measure towards that childsRead MorePsychological Benefits Of Aquatic Therapy1568 Words   |  7 Pages Psychological Benefits of Aquatic Therapy Broach and Datillo (1996) states that there is a lack of literature regarding the psychological results of aquatic therapy. Improvements in the areas of body image, self-concept and mood are common. Aquatic therapy is beneficial in the treatment and prevention of depression. If depression decreases than mood will most likely be enhanced by aquatic therapy. Becker (2009) states, aquatic therapy has shown to reduce anxiety as well as promote relaxationRead MoreThe Role of Judaism in Family Relationships: Article Analysis1235 Words   |  5 PagesKrieger, Aliza. The Role of Judaism in Family Relationships. 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Within the counseling process the main focuses was centered on the â€Å"adults in the family and adolescents who are developmentally capable† of benefiting from the â€Å"insight† of the therapeutic process (Wehrman Field, 2013, p.341). Due to this frame of mind, many infants, toddlers, and young children, were considered

Second Amendment Essay Example For Students

Second Amendment Essay The Second Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of Americaasserts, A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a freestate, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.At the time when this amendment was passed, the country was still primarily anagrarian and hunting society, guns were a household item, and necessary fordaily life. The armed farmer was the principal soldier in the revolution toestablish an independent country. The framers of the Constitution understoodthat these gun-wielding countrymen were essential to the revolution, and wantedto insure the people would never be defenseless. In recent decades, with thewaning practical application of guns in an industrialized nation, the SecondAmendment has come under much fire. Living in a technologically advancedcountry, United States citizens no longer have a need for guns in their everydaylives and, therefore, many Americans have grown up in gun-less homes. The recentrash of violence across the country has shown that the ideals of modern Americansociety have gone awry. Many are quick to blame guns as the reason for thisviolence. Actually, the problem is not the possession of guns; Americans havehad them for over 200 years. Instead, the demise of the morals of society andthe lack of restraint of the American public have caused the recent violenttrend. Guns are merely a tool. In the hands of immoral and undisciplined people,they are put to evil purposes. The problem lies in the fact that the amendmentwas created to deal with the muzzle-loaders of the time, and now guns haveevolved into killing machines, not just hunting rifles. These new guns however,are no more capable of killing without a man controlling them; guns have beenprevalent for literally hundreds of years without being used as weapons forhumans against humans, except in times of war. Guns have been in American homessince 1776, and they were not associated with violence until recently. Thecurre nt trend of school and workplace violence is due to the desensitization ofthe American people through television, movies and even music. Movie andtelevision producers are businessmen, and they produce what sells, that usuallybeing violence. With the American public watching such films, and loving them,the influence on everyday life cannot be ignored. Statistical facts from othercountries show the USA to be much more violent than most other industrializedcountries. Last year, Paris suffered less than 25% of the violence that occurredin Washington DC, and Paris is four times as large. The classic society that ispresent in Europe does not have the same fetish with violence as is present inAmerica. Progressive generations in the American society are in essenceregressing; the terms Generation X and the Me Generation have been coined andconvey the selfishness that is evident in modern society. The Columbine HighSchool violence spree is simply one of the recent acts of violence, but itillu strates how the countrys troubled youth are reacting to theirsurroundings. People are taking a more violent approach to try to solve problemsthan ever before, and that is certainly not solving anything. The recentincrease in job related violence can be blamed on the increased stress anddesensitization of the average worker. This new approach to workplace problemsis very evident, recently in Hawaii and is so common that the term goingpostal has been created to describe workplace shootings. In the early yearsof our country, and in most places around the world at a boss or a layoff mighthave been expressed through yelling or at worst, throwing a chair. Thedesensitization of the American worker has caused him to take a differentapproach in very recent times, the approach of violence expressed with the abuseof guns. The issue of gun control is historically split between the two majorpolitical parties in the US The Democrats have always pushed for stricter gunlaws, and the Republicans hav e always been for lenient laws. Heavy campaigncontributions are made to both parties in hope to push certain groups viewswith The National Rifle Association leading the way with large contributions tothe Republican Party. Regardless of party, most politicians agree that somethingmust be altered in the present equilibrium, because violence is almost becomingroutine. The Second Amendment was intended for the purpose of reminding thesepoliticians that they are there to serve the people, and no other reason. .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 , .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 .postImageUrl , .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 , .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40:hover , .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40:visited , .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40:active { border:0!important; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40:active , .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40 .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3380433bdbd635a4607f706f9d615d40:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Catastrophes that Plagued the Characters in Romeo Essay Although elections are usually enough incentive for politicians to please thepeople, they need to know that the people can revolt, and the Constitution isnot the last ruling document that this country will ever see. The brilliance inthe Constitution is that the Framers allowed for changes in society and changesin government. They knew that they could not map the fate of the country in afew months. Today, the Second Amendment is outdated, and not currentlyeffective. It is, however, part of the Constitution and that will not change inany time near. Since the Framers of the Constitution could never envision whatwould become of guns or the violence that would occur in the US, they cannot beblamed. The amendment was never a problem for the first 200 years of ourexistence, and that points to a problem in modern society, not the Constitution. Before something that has been around for centuries is changed, maybe what haschanged in recent decades should be examined. Modern American society is basedon instant gratification and what people absorb from their surroundings. Unfortunately, these surroundings are not always the best influences. Movies,television and music are filled with violence, drugs and sex. If societysurrounds itself with such activities, the influences will be widespread. Inconclusion, the focus of violence and violent behavior is often directed at gunsand the availability of handguns. Instead, the focus should be turned on societyand the changing morals and actions that have caused something that has alwaysbeen present in our society, guns, to become a problem in recent times. Althoughmore efficient, guns today serve the same purpose as always, and in no othertime period or any other modern country has the problem with gun violence thatthe United States has. Maybe society should change instead of changing adocument that has been steadfast for over 200 years.

Essay Topics in Cyber Security - Easy Steps to Be Successful in Your Essay Topic

Essay Topics in Cyber Security - Easy Steps to Be Successful in Your Essay TopicTo be successful in your essay topics in cyber security, you need to master the concepts and strategies related to the industry. By learning about the business and the people, you can share your personal experiences and views with a degree of expertise. This will be beneficial in some ways such as if you choose to give an interview.However, you cannot just decide to talk about the business, instead you should know why you are writing an essay on cyber security. It may be because you want to become a Cyber Security Consultant or even a Cyber Security Specialist. Whatever the reason is, you should remember that essays are not meant to be a one to one reflection on your personality and circumstances.What you should do is to take a few minutes to think about the particular situation that you are facing, and what you would want to share about it with the readers. For example, you may think about the things tha t you have to be prepared for such as security threats, money problems, and legal issues.After you have decided on what essay topics you would like to write, start by listing out your skills and abilities. You might also list down your interests, talents, and passions. This will give you an idea of what you will be expected to bring to the essay.Make sure that your essay topics are well balanced so that you cover the best of all possible topics. It will also help if you include some funny anecdotes to add to the comedy value. This way, the reader will get a chance to see the best in you.The final step is to use your skills to create your essay topic in a way that will convince the reader that you are truly knowledgeable. One way is to use the advice from experts. Write about the questions or issues that you would ask them and tell them what you think they should have answered.By following these steps, you will have essay topics in cyber security mastered. It may be easy for you at f irst but you have to work at it. A little practice in this area is always welcomed, and you can start learning about these topics from the internet.

The Insider Secret on Writing a Dissertation Revealed

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Essay MBA Sample

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The Top Secret Truth About Psychological Psychology Essay Topics Revealed

The Top Secret Truth About Psychological Psychology Essay Topics Revealed You will find that finding new, interesting psychology research paper topics can be hugely difficult. Although topics are quite important, the research methods are important too. To start with, you will need to pick a topic of your upcoming essay. There are several interesting psychology topics to pick from. When you compose a physiology research paper, do not attempt to concentrate on grammar much. There are three primary kinds of experiments in psychology. The goal of a psychology research paper, just enjoy any type of scientific writing, is to find the audience current about developments in the psychology field. Hence, there's a definite relationship between architecture and psychology. The large part of the psychology sub-fields are rather broad, making researching on it extremely problematic. Think of what your professor likes to speak about and locate a topic linked to that. 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As a result of its focus on human behavior and mind from assorted perspectives, it is an incredibly interesting field which can bring immense satisfaction and a deep understanding of people. Cognitive psychology tackles the unique mental processes happening in someone's mind. The other part of psychology that has been of concern to thinkers is psychological troubles and the ways that people have found it tough to deal with society and the demands placed on them, for conformity or specific methods of thinking. In reality, some longitudinal studies actually found that those who have a high amount of dark triad personality have a tendency to reach a high degree of success. Last, because even smallish movements can distort the BOLD signal participants ordinarily do not respond using speech, so there are constraints on the type of stimuli that may be presented. The issue isn't in the variableness or globalness of something, but instead in the way that it affects our capacity to understand code. The Hidden Truth on Psychological Psychology Essay Topics You probably know some information regarding the topic, and you understand where to obtain the rest. The list by no means offers all the available topics as there's a number of questions which you can find i n any of the approaches of psychology mentioned, so have a profound think what you'd love to write on. Keep on reading to discover quite a few topics that you're able to consider. Chancing upon a topic for your study can be tough, but there are many great methods to produce intriguing ideas. Make sure you can form a great hypothesis on the subject you're selecting and you must decide on a topic that has sufficient content easily available and accessible via online forums. The topic needs to be something you recognize about. 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You would have to read a great deal of content for writing your psychology research paper, and that's why you should opt for a topic that excites you. Writing a dissertation isn't as simple as completing a multiple-choice test, so make certain to opt for a topic which you'll delight in learning about for a lengthy moment. A Psychiatrist's Training In order to develop into a psychiatrist, a person must study for four years in medical school and take all the exact training that anybody wishing to be a physician must take. Finding the most suitable psychology experiment idea can be challenging, but since you can see there are lots of great techniques to develop inspiration. Consider your very last spur of the moment buy. By way of example, suppose that a researcher wou ld like to figure out whether playing chess causes a gain in creativity among fifth graders.